Quad.H

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/* Copyright 2022-2023 The Regents of the University of California, through Lawrence
 *           Berkeley National Laboratory (subject to receipt of any required
 *           approvals from the U.S. Dept. of Energy). All rights reserved.
 *
 * This file is part of ImpactX.
 *
 * Authors: Chad Mitchell, Axel Huebl, Kyrre Ness Sjobak
 * License: BSD-3-Clause-LBNL
 */
#ifndef IMPACTX_QUAD_H
#define IMPACTX_QUAD_H
 
#include "particles/ImpactXParticleContainer.H"
#include "mixin/alignment.H"
#include "mixin/pipeaperture.H"
#include "mixin/beamoptic.H"
#include "mixin/thick.H"
#include "mixin/named.H"
#include "mixin/nofinalize.H"
#include "mixin/lineartransport.H"
#include "mixin/spintransport.H"
 
#include <AMReX_Extension.H>
#include <AMReX_Math.H>
#include <AMReX_REAL.H>
#include <AMReX_SIMD.H>
 
#include <cmath>
 
 
namespace impactx::elements
{
    struct Quad
    : public mixin::Named,
      public mixin::BeamOptic<Quad>,
      public mixin::LinearTransport<Quad>,
      public mixin::Thick,
      public mixin::Alignment,
      public mixin::PipeAperture,
      public mixin::SpinTransport,
      public mixin::NoFinalize
      // At least on Intel AVX512, there is a small overhead to vectorize this element for DP and a gain for SP, see
      // https://github.com/BLAST-ImpactX/impactx/pull/1002
#ifdef AMREX_SINGLE_PRECISION_PARTICLES
      , public amrex::simd::Vectorized<amrex::simd::native_simd_size_particlereal>
#endif
    {
        static constexpr auto type = "Quad";
        using PType = ImpactXParticleContainer::ParticleType;

        Quad (
            amrex::ParticleReal ds,
            amrex::ParticleReal k,
            amrex::ParticleReal dx = 0,
            amrex::ParticleReal dy = 0,
            amrex::ParticleReal rotation_degree = 0,
            amrex::ParticleReal aperture_x = 0,
            amrex::ParticleReal aperture_y = 0,
            int nslice = 1,
            std::optional<std::string> name = std::nullopt
        )
        : Named(std::move(name)),
          Thick(ds, nslice),
          Alignment(dx, dy, rotation_degree),
          PipeAperture(aperture_x, aperture_y),
          m_k(k)
        {
        }

        void reverse () { Thick::reverse(); }

        using BeamOptic::operator();

        void compute_constants (RefPart const & refpart)
        {
            using namespace amrex::literals; // for _rt and _prt
            using amrex::Math::powi;
 
            Alignment::compute_constants(refpart);
 
            // length of the current slice
            m_slice_ds = m_ds / nslice();
 
            amrex::ParticleReal const pt_ref = refpart.pt;
            // find beta*gamma^2
            m_betgam2 = powi<2>(pt_ref) - 1.0_prt;
            m_slice_bg = m_slice_ds / m_betgam2;
 
            // compute phase advance per unit length in s (in rad/m)
            m_omega = std::sqrt(std::abs(m_k));
            m_sin_omega_ds = std::sin(m_omega*m_slice_ds);
            m_cos_omega_ds = std::cos(m_omega*m_slice_ds);
            m_sinh_omega_ds = std::sinh(m_omega*m_slice_ds);
            m_cosh_omega_ds = std::cosh(m_omega*m_slice_ds);
 
            // gyromagnetic constant (used during spin push)
            amrex::ParticleReal G = refpart.gyromagnetic_anomaly;
            m_gyro_const = 1_prt + G * refpart.gamma();
        }

        template<typename T_Real=amrex::ParticleReal, typename T_IdCpu=uint64_t>
        AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE
        void operator() (
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT x,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT y,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT t,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT px,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT py,
            T_Real const & AMREX_RESTRICT pt,
            [[maybe_unused]] T_IdCpu const & AMREX_RESTRICT idcpu,
            [[maybe_unused]] RefPart const & AMREX_RESTRICT refpart
        ) const
        {
            using namespace amrex::literals; // for _rt and _prt
 
            // initialize output values
            T_Real xout = x;
            T_Real yout = y;
            T_Real tout = t;
            T_Real pxout = px;
            T_Real pyout = py;
            // T_Real const ptout = pt;
 
            if (m_k > 0.0_prt)
            {
                // advance position and momentum (focusing quad)
                xout = m_cos_omega_ds*x + m_sin_omega_ds/m_omega*px;
                pxout = -m_omega*m_sin_omega_ds*x + m_cos_omega_ds*px;
 
                yout = m_cosh_omega_ds*y + m_sinh_omega_ds/m_omega*py;
                pyout = m_omega*m_sinh_omega_ds*y + m_cosh_omega_ds*py;
 
                tout = t + (m_slice_bg)*pt;
                // ptout = pt;
            } else if (m_k < 0.0_prt)
            {
                // advance position and momentum (defocusing quad)
                xout = m_cosh_omega_ds*x + m_sinh_omega_ds/m_omega*px;
                pxout = m_omega*m_sinh_omega_ds*x + m_cosh_omega_ds*px;
 
                yout = m_cos_omega_ds*y + m_sin_omega_ds/m_omega*py;
                pyout = -m_omega*m_sin_omega_ds*y + m_cos_omega_ds*py;
 
                tout = t + m_slice_bg*pt;
                // ptout = pt;
            } else {
                // advance position and momentum (zero strength = drift)
                xout = x + m_slice_ds * px;
                // pxout = px;
                yout = y + m_slice_ds * py;
                // pyout = py;
                tout = t + m_slice_bg * pt;
                // ptout = pt;
            }
 
            // assign updated values
            x = xout;
            y = yout;
            t = tout;
            px = pxout;
            py = pyout;
            // pt = ptout;
        }

        AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE
        void operator() (RefPart & AMREX_RESTRICT refpart) const {  // TODO: update as well, but needs more careful placement of calc_constants
 
            using namespace amrex::literals; // for _rt and _prt
            using amrex::Math::powi;
 
            // assign input reference particle values
            amrex::ParticleReal const x = refpart.x;
            amrex::ParticleReal const px = refpart.px;
            amrex::ParticleReal const y = refpart.y;
            amrex::ParticleReal const py = refpart.py;
            amrex::ParticleReal const z = refpart.z;
            amrex::ParticleReal const pz = refpart.pz;
            amrex::ParticleReal const t = refpart.t;
            amrex::ParticleReal const pt = refpart.pt;
            amrex::ParticleReal const s = refpart.s;
 
            // length of the current slice
            amrex::ParticleReal const slice_ds = m_ds / nslice();
 
            // assign intermediate parameter
            amrex::ParticleReal const step = slice_ds / std::sqrt(powi<2>(pt)-1.0_prt);
 
            // advance position and momentum (straight element)
            refpart.x = x + step*px;
            refpart.y = y + step*py;
            refpart.z = z + step*pz;
            refpart.t = t - step*pt;
 
            // advance integrated path length
            refpart.s = s + slice_ds;
        }

        AMREX_GPU_HOST AMREX_FORCE_INLINE
        Map6x6
        transport_map (RefPart const & AMREX_RESTRICT refpart) const  // TODO: update as well, but needs more careful placement of calc_constants
        {
            using namespace amrex::literals; // for _rt and _prt
            using amrex::Math::powi;
 
            // length of the current slice
            amrex::ParticleReal const slice_ds = m_ds / nslice();
 
            // access reference particle values to find beta*gamma^2
            amrex::ParticleReal const pt_ref = refpart.pt;
            amrex::ParticleReal const betgam2 = powi<2>(pt_ref) - 1.0_prt;
 
            // compute phase advance per unit length in s (in rad/m)
            amrex::ParticleReal const omega = std::sqrt(std::abs(m_k));
 
            // initialize linear map matrix elements
            Map6x6 R = Map6x6::Identity();
 
            if (m_k > 0.0) {
                R(1,1) = std::cos(omega*slice_ds);
                R(1,2) = std::sin(omega*slice_ds)/omega;
                R(2,1) = -omega*std::sin(omega*slice_ds);
                R(2,2) = std::cos(omega*slice_ds);
                R(3,3) = std::cosh(omega*slice_ds);
                R(3,4) = std::sinh(omega*slice_ds)/omega;
                R(4,3) = omega*std::sinh(omega*slice_ds);
                R(4,4) = std::cosh(omega*slice_ds);
                R(5,6) = slice_ds/betgam2;
            } else if (m_k < 0.0) {
                R(1,1) = std::cosh(omega*slice_ds);
                R(1,2) = std::sinh(omega*slice_ds)/omega;
                R(2,1) = omega*std::sinh(omega*slice_ds);
                R(2,2) = std::cosh(omega*slice_ds);
                R(3,3) = std::cos(omega*slice_ds);
                R(3,4) = std::sin(omega*slice_ds)/omega;
                R(4,3) = -omega*std::sin(omega*slice_ds);
                R(4,4) = std::cos(omega*slice_ds);
                R(5,6) = slice_ds/betgam2;
            } else {
                R(1,2) = slice_ds;
                R(3,4) = slice_ds;
                R(5,6) = slice_ds / betgam2;
            }
 
            // apply the transverse rotation (roll) alignment error
            return rotate_aligned_map(R);
        }

        template<typename T_Real=amrex::ParticleReal, typename T_IdCpu=uint64_t>
        AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE
        void spin_and_phasespace_push (
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT x,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT y,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT t,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT px,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT py,
            T_Real const & AMREX_RESTRICT pt,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT sx,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT sy,
            T_Real & AMREX_RESTRICT sz,
            T_IdCpu const & AMREX_RESTRICT idcpu,
            RefPart const & AMREX_RESTRICT refpart
        ) const
        {
            using namespace amrex::literals; // for _rt and _prt
 
            // initialize the three components of the axis-angle vector
            T_Real lambdax = 0_prt;
            T_Real lambday = 0_prt;
            T_Real lambdaz = 0_prt;
 
            if (m_k > 0.0_prt)
            {
 
                // horizontally focusing quad case
                lambdax = -m_gyro_const * ( py*(m_cosh_omega_ds - 1_prt) + y*m_omega*m_sinh_omega_ds );
                lambday = -m_gyro_const * ( px*(1_prt - m_cos_omega_ds) + x*m_omega*m_sin_omega_ds );
 
            } else if (m_k < 0.0_prt)
            {
 
                // horizontally defocusing quad case
                lambdax = m_gyro_const * ( py*(1_prt - m_cos_omega_ds) + y*m_omega*m_sin_omega_ds );
                lambday = m_gyro_const * ( px*(m_cosh_omega_ds - 1_prt) + x*m_omega*m_sinh_omega_ds );
 
            } else {
                // treat as a drift
            }
 
            // push the spin vector using the generator just determined
            rotate_spin(lambdax,lambday,lambdaz,sx,sy,sz);
 
            // phase space push
            (*this)(x, y, t, px, py, pt, idcpu, refpart);
        }
 

        using LinearTransport::operator();
 
        amrex::ParticleReal m_k; 
 
    private:
        // constants that are independent of the individually tracked particle,
        // see: compute_constants() to refresh
        amrex::ParticleReal m_slice_ds;       
        amrex::ParticleReal m_betgam2;        
        amrex::ParticleReal m_slice_bg;       
        amrex::ParticleReal m_omega;          
        amrex::ParticleReal m_sin_omega_ds;   
        amrex::ParticleReal m_cos_omega_ds;   
        amrex::ParticleReal m_sinh_omega_ds;  
        amrex::ParticleReal m_cosh_omega_ds;  
        amrex::ParticleReal m_gyro_const;     
 
    };
 
} // namespace impactx
 
IMPACTX_PUSH_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(impactx::elements::Quad)
 
#endif // IMPACTX_QUAD_H